If you want to have energy, mental clarity, a healthy libido and satisfying sex life, improved muscle mass and better body composition, quality sleep, a better mood, and feel your best, your hormones need to be balanced.
For men, one of the most critical hormones for these outcomes is optimal testosterone levels. While age is the primary cause of low testosterone, levels can decline for many reasons, and there are many approaches to hormone therapy for men to help correct the issue.
If you are a female who has stumbled upon this article, you, too, can benefit from hormone therapy. For more, check out “5 Common Myths About Female HRT.” But for this article, we are going to focus on the main types of hormone therapy for men, including the most effective and widely used method–testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).
What is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for Men?
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a medical treatment that replaces declining hormone levels in the body. For men, this is most often testosterone, the sex hormone responsible for libido, energy, muscle mass, body fat, and more.
Testosterone typically begins to drop in a man’s mid-to-late 30s. However, recent studies show that men’s testosterone levels are declining at a much earlier age.
While age is the primary cause of testosterone decline, other factors can also contribute to low testosterone levels, such as chronic stress, poor sleep, certain medications, lifestyle choices, and even environmental factors.
Every man will respond differently to testosterone decline. But typically, when testosterone is low, it negatively impacts libido, energy levels, mood, muscle mass, body fat, and overall physical health. HRT helps restore and balance hormone levels, bringing them back to healthy levels and improving many of these areas.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is the most common form of hormone therapy for men. However, hormone therapy may also include other supporting therapies. The right type of hormone therapy for you is personal and will be determined based on your symptoms and blood work results.
Types of Hormone Therapy Treatment for Men
There are several approaches available for men looking to improve and balance their hormone levels. Some methods can work as standalone treatments, while others are combined with testosterone therapy for optimal results.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)
TRT is the most common and effective form of hormone therapy for men experiencing declines in testosterone. TRT can be administered via injection, pellets, patches, gels, and oral medications.
Two types of testosterone can be used in TRT: synthetic and bioidentical.
Synthetic testosterone is chemically altered to mimic the natural hormone, while bioidentical testosterone is derived from plants and is an exact replica of the testosterone naturally produced by the body.
At Relive Health, we use bioidentical testosterone for our TRT treatments. Bioidentical hormones are preferred because they are more easily recognized and utilized by the body, which minimizes the risk of side effects and provides a more natural and effective solution for hormone replacement.
Enclomiphene
Enclomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that can be used to boost natural testosterone production.
Unlike traditional TRT, which replaces testosterone directly, enclomiphene stimulates your body to produce its own testosterone by increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
This treatment is often recommended for men who want to preserve their fertility or who are in the early stages of testosterone decline.
Clomiphene Citrate
Similar to enclomiphene, clomiphene citrate is another SERM that encourages the body to produce more testosterone naturally. It works by blocking estrogen receptors in the brain, which signals the body to produce more LH and FSH.
Clomiphene citrate is typically used in cases where preserving fertility is a top priority or as an alternative to traditional testosterone therapy.
Gonadorelin
Gonadorelin is a synthetic version of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production of LH and FSH. While it can be used to support your body’s natural testosterone production, gonadorelin is not as commonly prescribed as other treatments like enclomiphene or clomiphene citrate.
When it is used, it’s typically in combination with TRT to counteract the suppression of natural testosterone production that can occur with therapy.
Anastrozole
Anastrozole is a medication classified as an aromatase inhibitor. Its primary role in the body is to block the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen.
When men take TRT, especially over extended periods, there’s a risk that some of the extra testosterone could be converted into estrogen and lead to unwanted side effects such as water retention, gynecomastia (development of breast tissue), mood swings, and reduced libido.
Anastrozole is sometimes used to maintain a proper balance of hormones and prevent excessive conversion of testosterone into estrogen.
Testosterone Boosting Herbal Supplements, Vitamins. and Minerals
Several herbal supplements, vitamins, and minerals have shown promise in supporting testosterone levels and overall hormone balance. Below is a list of the most common supplements men take for hormone support.
Always discuss taking supplements with your healthcare provider, especially if you are on other forms of HRT. But often, supplements can be explored on their own or in combination with other hormone replacement therapies such as TRT.
Magnesium
Magnesium supports numerous biological processes, including the regulation of testosterone. Research suggests that magnesium supplementation may help increase free testosterone levels, especially in physically active men or those with a deficiency.
Zinc
Studies have shown that men with low zinc levels may experience a decrease in testosterone production. Supplementing with zinc may help boost levels, especially in those with a zinc deficiency.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is essential for many bodily functions, including hormone production. While evidence is limited, some research found a strong link between low vitamin D levels and reduced testosterone.
Supplementing with vitamin D might help optimize testosterone levels, especially if your blood work reveals you are deficient in vitamin D.
Fenugreek
Fenugreek is an herbal supplement that some studies show can increase testosterone and improve symptoms related to low testosterone, such as reduced libido and energy. It’s believed to work by inhibiting enzymes that convert testosterone into estrogen.
Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb that has been linked to increased testosterone levels, especially in men under stress. That is due to its ability to help reduce cortisol levels, which can support better hormone balance.
D-Aspartic Acid
D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) is an amino acid shown to stimulate testosterone production by influencing the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which signals the testes to produce testosterone. Some studies suggest DAA can increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone.
Tribulus Terrestris
Tribulus is another herb believed to help boost testosterone levels. While studies have shown mixed results, some research indicates it can help enhance testosterone production and improve sexual function in some men.
Peptides
Peptides, which are short chains of amino acids, have been gaining attention for their potential benefits in various areas of health, including their role in potentially stimulating the body’s natural hormone production.
While peptides are not considered a true form of HRT, some men use them to complement other HRT options.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle factors are a crucial part of hormone health. Regular exercise, especially strength training, can help boost testosterone levels.
Adequate sleep is also essential for hormone production, and a balanced diet rich in healthy fats, protein, and micronutrients supports hormone balance.
Avoiding tobacco products and excessive alcohol intake is also vital, as both can negatively affect hormone production.
Hormone Therapy Treatment Administration Options for Men
Depending on the type of hormone therapy you choose, there are several administration methods available. Each method has advantages, and the choice often depends on your lifestyle, preferences, and the specific therapy used.
Injections
Hormone injections are one of the most popular and effective methods for hormone replacement therapy. With this method, hormones are administered directly into the muscle and deliver a controlled release into the bloodstream that can be adjusted for optimal results.
You can have your injections administered at your prescribing clinic. However, most men do it themselves at home. The frequency of injections varies, but they are generally administered once a week.
Pellets
Hormone pellets are another way to administer hormones. Pellets are small, rice-sized implants placed under the skin during a minor, out-patient surgical procedure.
They gradually release the hormone needed over time, providing a steady, consistent dosage. One of the most appealing aspects of pellets is they typically last 3–6 months.
While pellets offer convenience for those who want to avoid regular injections, they lack dosing control. This means once the pellet is inserted, adjustments cannot be made until it naturally dissolves or is surgically removed.
This can be problematic if hormone levels fluctuate or if side effects occur, as there’s no way to fine-tune the dosage. For this reason, many clinics that offer hormone therapy choose not to offer pellets as an administration option.
Patches
Testosterone patches are applied directly to the skin and deliver a continuous release of testosterone throughout the day. They are typically worn on the back, abdomen, or thigh.
Testosterone patches offer an easy and convenient way to administer the hormone, but they come with a few potential downsides. Skin irritation is a common issue, as the adhesive may cause redness, itching, or rashes. Additionally, patches may not be as easily adjustable as other methods, like injections, which can be tailored more precisely to individual needs.
Another concern is absorption: factors such as skin type, moisture, or sweat can impact how effectively the testosterone is absorbed, leading to inconsistent results.
Gels
Testosterone gels are applied to the skin, where the hormone is absorbed into the bloodstream. They are another noninvasive administration option, but they have similar downsides to patches.
While the dosage can be adjusted based on individual needs, they have similar absorption concerns. There is a risk of transferring the hormone to others through skin contact, making them less ideal for some patients.
Oral Medications
Oral testosterone medications, such as tablets or capsules, are another option for hormone replacement. However, they can be less effective compared to injections and may carry a higher risk of liver toxicity.
Oral medications are typically not the first choice for testosterone replacement therapy but may be considered for patients who prefer not to use injections or other methods.
Benefits of Hormone Therapy in Men
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) offers a wide range of benefits for men, especially when it comes to Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT). There are many things hormone therapy can treat.
As men age, testosterone levels naturally decline, leading to a variety of physical and emotional symptoms. By restoring testosterone levels to optimal ranges, HRT can help improve quality of life in several key areas:
Boosted Energy
One of the most noticeable benefits of HRT is a significant increase in energy levels. Many men with low testosterone experience fatigue and sluggishness. Restoring testosterone levels can help boost energy.
Additionally, most men with low test have issues sleeping. Restoring testosterone levels through HRT can help improve sleep quality, which also contributes to improved energy.
Improved Libido
Testosterone plays a key role in sex drive and sexual performance. HRT can significantly improve your libido, leading to a stronger sex drive and a more satisfying and fulfilling sex life.
Improved Muscle Mass
Testosterone is critical for muscle growth and strength. Low testosterone often leads to a reduction in muscle mass or the inability to grow or maintain muscle. When combined with regular exercise, HRT can help build and maintain muscle mass, improve strength, and enhance overall fitness.
Lower Body Fat
Testosterone therapy has been shown to reduce body fat, especially in the abdominal area. One reason for this is that testosterone replacement therapy enhances muscle mass and metabolic rate, which both can help men achieve a leaner physique and improve overall body composition.
Improved Mood
Men with low testosterone often experience mood swings, irritability, and even bouts of depression. When testosterone levels are back in an ideal range, you should experience a more stable mood and better overall emotional state.
Better Cognitive Function
HRT can also positively impact cognitive function, such as decision-making, brain fog, and mental sharpness. As testosterone levels rise back into a normal range, you should notice better focus, sharper memory, and enhanced mental clarity.
Improved Bone Health
Testosterone plays an important role in maintaining bone density. Low testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. HRT can help strengthen bones, reducing the risk of bone-related issues as men age.
Hormone Therapy Risks and Side Effects
Hormone therapy has helped many men feel like themselves again. But like any medication, there can be side effects and risks, which can vary depending on your chosen hormone therapy treatment.
For example, under the right guidance and protocol, TRT tends to be very safe and reported side effects are minimal and manageable. Common side effects of TRT might include mild swelling from fluid retention, which typically settles over time, and temporary mood shifts at the beginning of treatment.
Supportive treatments often used alongside TRT, such as Anastrozole and Enclomiphene are also considered very low-risk and free of major side effects. Some people report mild headaches and joint discomfort from Anastrozole. There are infrequent reports of headache, hot flashes, nausea from Enclomiphene.
To ensure you get the maximum benefits of TRT and supporting treatments while keeping side effects in check, it is vital that you seek a provider with expertise in hormone therapy for men.
Once your personalized hormone therapy protocol is prescribed, you will need to stay on top of all follow-up appointments and blood work to maximize the benefits of TRT while monitoring for potential side effects.
Is Hormone Therapy Right for You?
Hormone therapy, especially Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT), can be life-changing for men experiencing the effects of low testosterone.
There are many signs that you might need hormone replacement therapy. But it doesn’t matter if you’re 35 or 75; if you’re feeling unusually tired, noticing a drop in motivation or mood, struggling with low libido, or seeing changes in muscle mass and body composition that aren’t explained by lifestyle, it is time to visit a hormone specialist.
A consultation and a simple blood test are the best ways to find out if hormone therapy could make a difference for you.
That said, if you’ve already had blood work done and a doctor told you that your hormones are all “within normal range,” but you’re still experiencing symptoms of low testosterone or hormonal imbalance, it’s worth considering a second opinion.
“Normal” ranges are often based on averages across a population and don’t necessarily mean optimal levels for everyone. These ranges are broad and may not account for what’s best for you personally. Just because your results fall in a statistical range doesn’t always mean your levels are where they should be for you to feel your best.
Taking the Next Steps with Hormone Therapy for Men
If you’re experiencing low energy, reduced libido, mood changes, or trouble with muscle gain or fat loss, it may be time to check for hormonal imbalance. Your first step is to find a qualified hormone therapy clinic near you.
At Relive Health, our approach is a personalized healthspan focusing on longevity and daily wellness. Our protocol starts with a detailed assessment of your health history, symptoms, and lab work. From there, we tailor a bioidentical HRT plan and provide continuous support and adjustments to ensure your treatment stays effective.
Contact us to learn more and schedule your hormone therapy consultation.