We’re sure you’ve at least heard the word peptides. From collagen peptide supplements to collagen-stimulating peptides in skincare treatments and GLP-1 (semaglutide), the peptide that’s making waves for weight loss— peptides and peptide therapy have become extremely popular in the medical, wellness, and aesthetic communities.
However, with peptides being used in so many different applications, it can be confusing to understand how they work in the body to regulate so many different functions, and if peptide therapy might benefit specific health concerns you might have.
In this article, we’ll explain the science of peptide therapy, go over some of the most popular peptides, and tell you exactly how it can benefit so many different areas of health and wellness.
What Peptides Are and Why They Matter
Peptides are much smaller versions of proteins that your body needs to regulate nearly everything it does. Unlike regular proteins, peptides’ smaller size allows them to move more efficiently through the body, bind to their matching receptor on a cell, and then coordinate and trigger key biological functions.
This communication is important. Your body relies on it for everything from hormone regulation and metabolism to healthy aging, brain health, immune function, and more. Without peptides, your body would struggle with even the most basic functions. Cell growth would slow, wounds wouldn’t heal properly, muscles wouldn’t recover, and your immune system couldn’t effectively protect you from infections.
Your body doesn’t need only one type of peptide; it requires thousands of different peptides working together. That’s because different peptides target different receptors, allowing for precise control over various bodily functions.
In fact, that specificity is what makes peptides so powerful—they can deliver precise instructions to exact locations in your body without affecting other systems. This also explains why peptide therapy can be tailored to address such a wide range of health concerns.
Before we talk about popular peptide therapy options and how peptides work in the body for specific biological functions, it would help to understand a little more about where peptides come from and how they’re classified.
While there are many different specific peptides (researchers have identified thousands), they all fall into one of two categories: endogenous or exogenous.
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- Endogenous Peptides: These are the peptides your body makes to handle critical processes. While your body naturally produces these peptides, sometimes your natural peptide production can decline due to aging, stress, or certain health conditions.
In other cases, your body might produce these peptides, but not in sufficient quantities to maintain optimal function. This natural decline explains why you might experience slower recovery from workouts, changes in energy levels, or visible signs of aging as you get older.
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- Exogenous Peptides: These are the peptides that your body can’t make. They must come from outside sources, such as food, supplements, or peptide therapy. While they aren’t considered “critical” (since your body hasn’t evolved to produce them), that doesn’t mean your body can’t benefit from them.
These external peptides can often work alongside your body’s natural peptides, offering targeted benefits that fill gaps in your body’s natural processes or enhance certain functions beyond what your body can achieve on its own.
Now that you have a better understanding of the basic categories of peptides and why your body needs them, let’s take a closer look at how they actually work within your body.
How Peptides Work in the Body to Regulate Key Biological Functions and Popular Peptide Therapies For Each
Peptides work in the body to control everything from aging and metabolism to immunity, tissue healing, cognition, mood, and more. Understanding how peptides work in your body isn’t just fascinating science—it’s the key to recognizing how peptide therapy can help naturally address some of the most common aesthetic and health issues we all face.
Let’s take a more in-depth look at the role peptides play in regulating some of your body’s most important biological functions and examples of peptides commonly used in peptide therapy to help optimize these areas.
1: Peptides’ Role in Metabolism and Hormone Regulation
Peptide hormones are constantly sending important signals throughout the body that impact your metabolism and hormone health. Some help the body process nutrients and convert food into energy, while others help control hunger signals, regulate blood sugar, and produce growth hormones.
Many of your most essential hormones are peptide hormones. For example, insulin, which regulates blood sugar, is a peptide hormone. GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone) and GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) are also peptide hormones. They are needed for cell growth, optimal sex hormone production, reproductive health, and/or a healthy metabolism.
Your hunger hormones, Ghrelin and Leptin, are also peptide hormones, and we can’t leave out the most well-known metabolic peptide— Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1.) This peptide has many important metabolic roles, including regulating blood sugar and appetite control.
Hormone Peptides Used In Peptide Therapy
The goal of peptide therapy for metabolism and hormone regulation is to offer support that optimizes important metabolic processes like blood sugar regulation and/or to promote more optimal growth hormone (GH) release.
These are the most popular groups of peptides being used in peptide therapy for optimal hormone balance and metabolic health:
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of peptide-based drugs that mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone (the metabolic peptide that helps regulate blood sugar, improve insulin sensitivity, slow digestion, and reduce hunger.
The most popular and well-known GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide is Semaglutide. It is successfully used for medical weight loss and to help manage metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes.
Other peptides with similar benefits include Liraglutide and Tirzepatide. However, Tirzepatide stands out because it is a dual agonist, activating both the GLP-1 and GIP receptors. This dual action contributes to superior weight loss efficacy compared to GLP-1-only agonists.
There are a lot of myths floating around about medical weight loss drugs (this article talks about the most common 14 medical weight loss myths). However, when prescribed by a trained and licensed medical weight loss expert and taken responsibly, GLP-1 peptides are a safe and effective way to balance hormones and reach your weight loss goals.
Growth Hormone Secretagogues (GHS)
Optimal growth hormone (GH) production is crucial for fat metabolism, muscle preservation, and energy levels. GHS is a group of peptides that support GH production.
One of the most popular GHS peptides is CJC-1295, which is believed to support natural GH production, helping with muscle growth, fat metabolism, and overall vitality. CJC-1295 is often used alone, but some people like to pair it with Ipamorelin to maximize results.
Ipamorelin is a GHS that stimulates the release of GH from the pituitary gland. It is highly selective, meaning it increases GH levels without significantly affecting other hormones like cortisol or prolactin.
Essentially, CJC-1295 extends the half-life of GH release, while Ipamorelin selectively triggers GH secretion. This combo is a popular choice for anyone looking to improve body composition, but it’s also commonly used for anti-aging (which we will discuss a little further down).
Sermorelin
This peptide mimics the action of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH), a hormone that is important for cell growth and a healthy metabolism. It is a popular choice for
overall metabolic support, especially if your concerns center around aging and muscle preservation. Some people also use Sermorelin to improve sleep quality.
Tesamorelin
This is a synthetic analog of GHRH that is becoming more popular due to the belief that it might be able to target and reduce stubborn visceral (abdominal) fat tissue. More research is needed, but Tesamorelin is already FDA-approved for this particular use in specific populations.
In addition to targeting visceral fat, Tesamorelin is also believed to help play a role in improving lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, making it a potential option for those with metabolic disorders.
2: Peptides’ Role in Immune Function
Your immune system depends on peptides to identify and fight off threats. These small proteins help regulate immune responses, fight infections, and promote healing. Without them, your body would struggle to recognize and eliminate the harmful bacteria and viruses that make you more vulnerable to illness.
Your body produces different types of immune peptides for various purposes. Some act as the body’s natural antibiotics, while others modulate inflammation and coordinate immune responses to keep your system balanced.
Immune Peptides Used In Peptide Therapy
The primary goal of most peptide therapies for immunity is to boost the immune-specific peptides your body makes to strengthen your body’s natural defenses. However, there are also peptides with antimicrobial properties that are believed to help fight active infections.
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)
AMPs are a broad category of peptides naturally produced by the body that work to fight active infections by breaking down bacterial cell membranes, disrupting viruses, or signaling immune cells to attack infections.
The most commonly used AMP in peptide therapy is LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide your body produces to reduce excessive inflammation and help destroy bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
LL-37 is even being researched as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1)
This key immune peptide is believed to enhance T-cell function and improve the body’s ability to recognize and fight infections. It plays a crucial role in immune modulation by promoting the activation of immune cells, helping to regulate inflammation, and supporting the body’s natural defense mechanisms.
Tα1 has been studied for its potential to improve immune response in individuals with weakened immunity, chronic infections, and even certain autoimmune conditions.
3: Peptides Involved in Tissue Repair
When you sustain an injury or even just push yourself a little too hard in the gym, peptides coordinate the healing response. They signal cells to multiply, migrate to the injury site, and generate new blood vessels to support tissue regeneration. Without these peptides, wounds would take much longer to heal, and damaged tissues might not ever fully recover.
Some peptides, like growth factors, stimulate cell proliferation and collagen production to rebuild injured skin, muscles, and tendons. Others help regulate inflammation, ensuring the healing process stays balanced and efficient.
Tissue Repair Peptides Used In Peptide Therapy
Faster and more efficient healing is one of the most common reasons people seek peptide therapy. Several peptides show promise in signaling healing responses, but the following two are the two most commonly used.
It’s also worth noting that many people with tissue injuries combine these peptide therapies with stem cell therapy, as stem cells have the potential to rebuild damaged tissues at a deeper level.
BPC-157
BPC-157 works by stimulating blood vessel growth (angiogenesis), reducing inflammation, and protecting cells from damage. It is one of the most widely used peptides for tissue repair and recovery due to its ability to accelerate healing in muscles, tendons, ligaments, and even the gut lining.
Whether you’re recovering from an injury or surgery or hoping to tame chronic inflammation, BPC-157 is a great option for supporting the body’s natural healing processes.
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)
TB-500 is a naturally occurring peptide that plays a role in cell migration and wound healing. It is believed to promote tissue regeneration, reduce inflammation, and improve recovery from injuries, making it popular among athletes and individuals recovering from surgery or musculoskeletal damage.
4: Peptides Involved in Brain Communication
Your brain relies on neuropeptides to regulate things like pain, perception, mood, and even sexual desire. They are the messengers that transmit signals between nerve cells and influence brain function in ways that impact how you feel, think, and respond to stress.
Without these peptides, brain communication would break down, impacting focus, emotional stability, and overall well-being.
Endorphins are one of the most well-known neuropeptides. While technically both a neuropeptide and a peptide hormone, endorphins act as neurotransmitters, binding to opioid receptors to reduce pain perception and promote euphoria.
Another key neuropeptide is Substance P, which is involved in pain regulation. Unlike endorphins, which help relieve pain, Substance P amplifies pain signals to the brain. It also plays a role in inflammation, stress responses, and digestive function.
Oxytocin is another important neuropeptide. It is often called the “love hormone” because it influences sexual arousal, intimacy, and emotional connection, which are essential for strong relationships and emotional well-being.
Neuropeptides Used In Peptide Therapy
Because neuropeptides influence so many aspects of brain communication, they continue to be an area of growing interest in peptide research and therapy.
Here are a few of the peptides that currently offer the most potential to support brain communication that is vital for mood, cognitive performance, and pain management.
Oxytocin
Often used in those with symptoms of low natural oxytocin production, this peptide plays a key role in social bonding, emotional well-being, and intimacy. It may help enhance trust, reduce stress, and improve overall mood while also supporting sexual arousal and connection.
Selank
Selank is a synthetic peptide designed to regulate neurotransmitter levels, particularly serotonin and dopamine to promote focus, mental clarity, and relaxation without sedative effects. It has been studied for its potential to reduce anxiety, improve learning, and support cognitive resilience under stress.
Semax
Semax is another neuropeptide that is believed to have cognitive-enhancing properties that support memory, focus, and neuroprotection for long-term brain health. It may help regulate mood, enhance motivation, and support recovery from neurological stress or injury.
6: Peptides Involved in Skin Health and Aging Processes
Peptides play a crucial role in maintaining skin health, tissue repair, and overall cellular regeneration. They are in charge of regulating processes like collagen production, wound healing, and inflammation control, all of which impact how the skin looks and functions.
Some peptides that support skin structure and repair are naturally produced by the body, while others need to be supplemented. Also, as we age, the natural production of the peptides we do make declines, leading to thinner skin, wrinkles, slower healing, and loss of elasticity.
Skin Health and Anti-Aging Peptides Used In Peptide Therapy
The goal of peptides for skin health and anti-aging ranges from stimulating collagen production and improving cell regeneration to reducing inflammation and optimizing growth hormone production.
Many peptides are being studied for their anti-aging and cell renewal abilities. These are the most popular ones being used to date.
GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
This is a popular peptide that you will find in a lot of topical skincare and medical aesthetic treatments due to its ability to stimulate collagen production, enhance skin firmness, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles.
Research suggests it also supports skin hydration, reduces inflammation, and accelerates the healing process following tissue damage, making it a powerful option for skin rejuvenation and repair.
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin
These two peptides are commonly paired together in peptide therapy to optimize growth hormone (GH) production. We mentioned earlier how enhancing natural growth hormone levels can promote better hormone balance, but optimizing GH is also important for anti-aging.
GH supports collagen and elastin production, improved skin hydration, and cell regeneration, all of which contribute to a youthful appearance. In addition to its anti-aging benefits, this combo is also great for other skin concerns, such as accelerated skin repair and wound healing.
BPC-157
Due to its tissue repair abilities that we touched on earlier, BPC-157 is also a great choice for skin health and healthy aging. It may also benefit skin health due to its ability to reduce inflammation.
Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8)
Often referred to as “Botox in a bottle,” Argireline is a peptide that works by inhibiting neurotransmitters responsible for muscle contractions—similar to how Botox functions.
In addition to its wrinkle-reducing effects, Argireline is also believed to improve skin hydration and elasticity, making it a popular peptide in topical skincare products.
Collagen Peptides
While not a signaling peptide used in peptide therapy, collagen peptides are worth mentioning because they are widely used in oral supplementation and medical-grade skincare. They are a great way to provide the body with the raw materials needed to maintain skin firmness, hydration, and elasticity.
Health Benefits of Peptide Therapy
Regardless of the peptide, the most significant benefit of peptide therapy is that it works with your body’s natural processes to target specific health concerns. Unlike synthetic drugs that override biological functions, peptides signal your body to optimize its own healing, repair, and performance.
As far as specific health benefits that peptide therapy might offer, it depends on your treatment plan. Because peptides are particular in their function, the exact health benefits of peptide therapy will depend on the specific peptide used.
That said, there are numerous ways peptide therapy can enhance overall wellness, some being:
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- Enhanced Muscle Growth
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- Promotes Fat Loss
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- Optimizes Metabolic Function
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- Supports Healthy Aging
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- Strengthens Immunity
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- Provides Pain Relief
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- Promotes Tissue Repair
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- Improves Recovery
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- Enhances Mood & Brain Function
Whether you’re looking to improve body composition, support longevity, or enhance performance, there is probably a peptide therapy that offers a targeted, natural way to optimize your well-being at a cellular level.
How to Begin Peptide Therapy
The very first step if you are considering peptide therapy is doing your homework to ensure you choose a safe, respected clinic.
Not all peptides are created equal; peptide sourcing and quality matter. Clinics should use compounded, pharmaceutical-grade peptides sourced from trusted labs—never gray-market or unregulated versions that can be ineffective or even unsafe.
A reputable clinic should be transparent about where their peptides come from. Don’t hesitate to ask where they source their peptides, whether they are pharmaceutical-grade and compounded in regulated U.S. pharmacies, and if they provide third-party testing or certificates of analysis to verify purity and potency.
Beyond sourcing, the expertise of the provider matters just as much as the clinic and product. You should feel confident that the medical professional overseeing your peptide therapy is properly licensed and understands not just how peptides work but also how to tailor treatment to your individual needs.
Lastly, avoid any clinic that offers peptides without a proper consultation. Peptide therapy isn’t a one-size-fits-all treatment—it should be based on your health history, goals, and safety considerations. A provider who skips this step isn’t prioritizing your well-being. A thorough consultation ensures you’re getting the right peptides in the correct dose while also keeping your expectations realistic.
At Relive Health, we check every box when it comes to safe, effective, and personalized peptide therapy. Our peptides are pharmaceutical-grade, sourced only from trusted U.S. compounding pharmacies, and rigorously tested for purity and potency.
Our licensed medical professionals don’t just prescribe peptides—they take the time to understand your unique health goals, tailor a treatment plan to your needs, and guide you through every step of your journey.
What to Expect During and After Peptide Therapy
What to expect during and after therapy will vary depending on several factors, including the way peptides are administered.
Peptides can be introduced into the body via injection, orally, topically, or as nasal sprays. Some require daily use, while others may only need to be taken weekly. Your medical provider will discuss all your options to find the best fit for your concerns and lifestyle.
As far as when to expect results; that varies from person to person and depends on factors like the peptide being used, dosage, consistency, and individual response. Some people notice subtle changes within days, while others see gradual improvements over weeks or months.
However, typically, especially for peptides that support healing or body composition, changes may take time as the body responds at a cellular level. Remember, peptide therapy is about supporting your body’s natural processes, not forcing an overnight transformation.
Conclusion
Peptide therapy is changing the way we approach health, performance, and longevity—offering targeted, science-backed solutions to optimize your body at a cellular level. Whether you’re looking to boost energy, support hormone balance, enhance recovery, or promote overall vitality, the right peptides can make a powerful difference.
At Relive Health, we don’t believe in guesswork or cookie-cutter treatments. Our expert medical team takes a personalized approach, ensuring you get the highest-quality peptides and a treatment plan tailored to your unique goals.
Peptides aren’t your only option—we also offer regenerative treatments like stem cell therapy and other advanced solutions to help you achieve optimal health. During your consultation, we’ll help determine whether peptide therapy or another regenerative medicine treatment is the best fit for your needs.
Use our clinic locator to find a Relive Health clinic near you and book your consultation today!
